जर्कोनियम
40
Zr
समूह
4
आवर्त
5
ब्लॉक
d
प्रोटॉन
इलेक्ट्रॉन्स
न्यूट्रॉन
40
40
51
सामान्य गुण
परमाणु संख्या
40
परमाणु भार
91.224
द्रव्यमान संख्या
91
श्रेणी
संक्रमण धातु
रंग
रजत
रेडियोधर्मी
नहीं
From the Persian zargun, gold like
क्रिस्टल की संरचना
सरल हेक्सागोनल
इतिहास
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
इलेक्ट्रॉन प्रति शेल
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
इलेक्ट्रॉन कॉन्फिगरेशन
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
भौतिक गुण
अवस्था
ठोस
घनत्व
6.506 g/cm3
गलनांक
2128.15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
क्वथनांक
4682.15 K | 4409 °C | 7968.2 °F
विलय ऊष्मा
21 कि.जूल/मोल
वाष्पीकरण ऊष्मा
580 कि.जूल/मोल
विशिष्ट ऊष्मा क्षमता
0.278 जूल/ग्राम•केल्विन
पृथ्वी की पपड़ी में प्रचुरता
0.013%
ब्रह्मांड में प्रचुरता
5×10-6%
चित्र साभार: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
सी ए एस संख्या
7440-67-7
PubChem सी.आई.डी. संख्या
23995
परमाण्विक गुण
परमाणु का त्रिज्या
160 pm
संयोजी त्रिज्या
175 pm
इलेक्ट्रोनेगेटिविटी
1.33 (पाइलिंग पैमाना)
आयनीकरण ऊर्जाएं
6.6339 eV
परमाणु आयतन
14.0 से.मी.३/मोल
तापीय चालकता
0.227 W/cm·K
ऑक्सीकरण स्थितियां
1, 2, 3, 4
उपयोग
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
समस्थानिक
स्थिर आइसोटोप
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94Zrअस्थिर समस्थानिक
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr