सोना
79
Au
समूह
11
आवर्त
6
ब्लॉक
d
प्रोटॉन
इलेक्ट्रॉन्स
न्यूट्रॉन
79
79
118
सामान्य गुण
परमाणु संख्या
79
परमाणु भार
196.966569
द्रव्यमान संख्या
197
श्रेणी
संक्रमण धातु
रंग
सुनहरा
रेडियोधर्मी
नहीं
From the Latin word aurum meaning gold
क्रिस्टल की संरचना
चेहरा केंद्रित घन
इतिहास
Gold has been known since prehistoric times and was the first metal used by humans.
Gold artifacts dated to 5000 years ago have been found in Egyptian tombs.
Gold of 98% purity has been found in Nahal Qunah in the ancient kingdom of Israel, dating from about 6000 years ago.
Gold artifacts dated to 5000 years ago have been found in Egyptian tombs.
Gold of 98% purity has been found in Nahal Qunah in the ancient kingdom of Israel, dating from about 6000 years ago.
इलेक्ट्रॉन प्रति शेल
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
इलेक्ट्रॉन कॉन्फिगरेशन
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
India is the world's largest single consumer of gold
भौतिक गुण
अवस्था
ठोस
घनत्व
19.282 g/cm3
गलनांक
1337.35 K | 1064.2 °C | 1947.56 °F
क्वथनांक
3129.15 K | 2856 °C | 5172.8 °F
विलय ऊष्मा
12.5 कि.जूल/मोल
वाष्पीकरण ऊष्मा
330 कि.जूल/मोल
विशिष्ट ऊष्मा क्षमता
0.129 जूल/ग्राम•केल्विन
पृथ्वी की पपड़ी में प्रचुरता
3.1×10-7%
ब्रह्मांड में प्रचुरता
6×10-8%
चित्र साभार: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Synthetic made gold crystals by the chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
सी ए एस संख्या
7440-57-5
PubChem सी.आई.डी. संख्या
23985
परमाण्विक गुण
परमाणु का त्रिज्या
144 pm
संयोजी त्रिज्या
136 pm
इलेक्ट्रोनेगेटिविटी
2.54 (पाइलिंग पैमाना)
आयनीकरण ऊर्जाएं
9.2255 eV
परमाणु आयतन
10.2 से.मी.३/मोल
तापीय चालकता
3.17 W/cm·K
ऑक्सीकरण स्थितियां
-1, 1, 2, 3, 5
उपयोग
Gold is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems in many countries.
It is also extensively used for jewelry, decoration, dental work, and for plating.
Gold is used widely in microelectronic circuits to ensure reliable, corrosion-resistant and static-free performance.
Gold leaf, flake or dust is used in some gourmet foods as decorative ingredient.
It is also extensively used for jewelry, decoration, dental work, and for plating.
Gold is used widely in microelectronic circuits to ensure reliable, corrosion-resistant and static-free performance.
Gold leaf, flake or dust is used in some gourmet foods as decorative ingredient.
Gold is considered to be non-toxic
समस्थानिक
स्थिर आइसोटोप
197Auअस्थिर समस्थानिक
169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au