कार्बन
6
C
समूह
14
आवर्त
2
ब्लॉक
p
प्रोटॉन
इलेक्ट्रॉन्स
न्यूट्रॉन
6
6
6
सामान्य गुण
परमाणु संख्या
6
परमाणु भार
12.0107
द्रव्यमान संख्या
12
श्रेणी
अन्य अधातुएँ
रंग
काला
रेडियोधर्मी
नहीं
लैटिन शब्द कार्बो से, अर्थात चारकोल
क्रिस्टल की संरचना
सरल हेक्सागोनल
इतिहास
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
इलेक्ट्रॉन प्रति शेल
2, 4
इलेक्ट्रॉन कॉन्फिगरेशन
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
भौतिक गुण
अवस्था
ठोस
घनत्व
2.267 g/cm3
गलनांक
3948.15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
क्वथनांक
4300.15 K | 4027 °C | 7280.6 °F
विलय ऊष्मा
105 कि.जूल/मोल
वाष्पीकरण ऊष्मा
715 कि.जूल/मोल
विशिष्ट ऊष्मा क्षमता
0.709 जूल/ग्राम•केल्विन
पृथ्वी की पपड़ी में प्रचुरता
0.18%
ब्रह्मांड में प्रचुरता
0.5%
सी ए एस संख्या
7440-44-0
PubChem सी.आई.डी. संख्या
5462310
परमाण्विक गुण
परमाणु का त्रिज्या
67 pm
संयोजी त्रिज्या
77 pm
इलेक्ट्रोनेगेटिविटी
2.55 (पाइलिंग पैमाना)
आयनीकरण ऊर्जाएं
11.2603 eV
परमाणु आयतन
5.31 से.मी.३/मोल
तापीय चालकता
1.29 W/cm·K
ऑक्सीकरण स्थितियां
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
उपयोग
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
समस्थानिक
स्थिर आइसोटोप
12C, 13Cअस्थिर समस्थानिक
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C