थोरियम
90
Th
समूह
लागू नहीं
आवर्त
7
ब्लॉक
f
प्रोटॉन
इलेक्ट्रॉन्स
न्यूट्रॉन
90
90
142
सामान्य गुण
परमाणु संख्या
90
परमाणु भार
232.03806
द्रव्यमान संख्या
232
श्रेणी
ऐक्टिनाइड्स
रंग
रजत
रेडियोधर्मी
हाँ
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
क्रिस्टल की संरचना
चेहरा केंद्रित घन
इतिहास
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
इलेक्ट्रॉन प्रति शेल
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
इलेक्ट्रॉन कॉन्फिगरेशन
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
भौतिक गुण
अवस्था
ठोस
घनत्व
11.7 g/cm3
गलनांक
2115.15 K | 1842 °C | 3347.6 °F
क्वथनांक
5061.15 K | 4788 °C | 8650.4 °F
विलय ऊष्मा
16 कि.जूल/मोल
वाष्पीकरण ऊष्मा
530 कि.जूल/मोल
विशिष्ट ऊष्मा क्षमता
0.113 जूल/ग्राम•केल्विन
पृथ्वी की पपड़ी में प्रचुरता
0.0006%
ब्रह्मांड में प्रचुरता
4×10-8%
चित्र साभार: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
सी ए एस संख्या
7440-29-1
PubChem सी.आई.डी. संख्या
23960
परमाण्विक गुण
परमाणु का त्रिज्या
179 pm
संयोजी त्रिज्या
206 pm
इलेक्ट्रोनेगेटिविटी
1.3 (पाइलिंग पैमाना)
आयनीकरण ऊर्जाएं
6.3067 eV
परमाणु आयतन
19.9 से.मी.३/मोल
तापीय चालकता
0.54 W/cm·K
ऑक्सीकरण स्थितियां
2, 3, 4
उपयोग
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
समस्थानिक
स्थिर आइसोटोप
232Thअस्थिर समस्थानिक
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th