गैलियम
31
Ga
समूह
13
आवर्त
4
ब्लॉक
p
प्रोटॉन
इलेक्ट्रॉन्स
न्यूट्रॉन
31
31
39
सामान्य गुण
परमाणु संख्या
31
परमाणु भार
69.723
द्रव्यमान संख्या
70
श्रेणी
संक्रमणोपरांत धातु
रंग
रजत
रेडियोधर्मी
नहीं
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
क्रिस्टल की संरचना
मूल केंद्रित ऑर्थोरोम्बिक
इतिहास
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
इलेक्ट्रॉन प्रति शेल
2, 8, 18, 3
इलेक्ट्रॉन कॉन्फिगरेशन
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
भौतिक गुण
अवस्था
ठोस
घनत्व
5.907 g/cm3
गलनांक
302.91 K | 29.76 °C | 85.57 °F
क्वथनांक
2477.15 K | 2204 °C | 3999.2 °F
विलय ऊष्मा
5.59 कि.जूल/मोल
वाष्पीकरण ऊष्मा
256 कि.जूल/मोल
विशिष्ट ऊष्मा क्षमता
0.371 जूल/ग्राम•केल्विन
पृथ्वी की पपड़ी में प्रचुरता
0.0019%
ब्रह्मांड में प्रचुरता
1×10-6%
सी ए एस संख्या
7440-55-3
PubChem सी.आई.डी. संख्या
5360835
परमाण्विक गुण
परमाणु का त्रिज्या
135 pm
संयोजी त्रिज्या
122 pm
इलेक्ट्रोनेगेटिविटी
1.81 (पाइलिंग पैमाना)
आयनीकरण ऊर्जाएं
5.9993 eV
परमाणु आयतन
11.8 से.मी.३/मोल
तापीय चालकता
0.406 W/cm·K
ऑक्सीकरण स्थितियां
1, 2, 3
उपयोग
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
समस्थानिक
स्थिर आइसोटोप
69Ga, 71Gaअस्थिर समस्थानिक
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga